PretestPosttest Design : research design where behavior is measured both before and after a treatment or condition is implemented o Quasiexperiment because there is no random assignment of participants [...]
Matched design : between subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of [...]
Correlational Study: examines the relationships between multiple DV, without manipulating any of the variables Descriptive research question: asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or [...]
Psychometrics: area of psychological research that involves the development, validation, and refinement of surveys and tests for measuring psychological constructs Construct validity: indicated that a survey measures the behavior [...]
Descriptive statistics: measures that help us summarize data sets o Summarizes raw data that allows the researchers to get a sense of the data set without reviewing every score [...]
Population: group of individuals a researcher seeks to learn about from a research study Sample: the group of individuals chosen from the population to represent it in a research [...]
Ethical guidelines are needed to define the appropriate treatment of subjects in psychological research Current ethical guidelines were derived over the years as the original Nuremberg Code was revised [...]
Reliability : the degree to which the results of a study can be replicated under similar conditions Operational definition : the definition of an abstract concept (such as intelligence) [...]
Internal and external validity have an inverse relationship External validity : the degree to which the results of a study apply to individuals and realistic behaviors outside the [...]
Descriptive Research Question : asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors Causal Research Questions : [...]
Psychologists used the scientific method because it provides the best way to gain new knowledge about behavior Psychologists use the scientific method to observe behaviors as they occur in [...]
Social Psychology study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions and how we influence other people Attribution principles used to judge the causes of events, [...]
Psychotherapy treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods Types of therapy o Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding [...]
Abnormal Behavior patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological (diseased or disordered) Identifying Abnormal Behavior o Statistical Infrequency how rare/unusual something is Cannot be only defining characteristic [...]
Personality Relatively stable and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions • Assessing Personality: Interviews Structured every person gets same set of predetermined questions Unstructured interviewer is free [...]
Motivation set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior towards a goal The why behind your behavior Emotion a subjective feeling that include arousal (physical), cognitions [...]
David Reimer AKA Bruce/Brenda, John/Joan Born normal male with identical brother At 6 months diagnosed with phimosis tight foreskin making it hard to urinate At 8 months referred for [...]
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development Kohlberg’s initial study included 72 boys ages 10, 13, and 16. Data was collected through taped interviews in which 10 moral dilemmas were presented [...]
Developmental Psychology the study of agerelated changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death 3 major issues o Nature VS Nurture Nature (maturational) approach development proceeds [...]
Cognitive Building Blocks mental images, concepts, and language Images nonverbal mental representations of a sensory experience o Can be exceptionally powerful Allow us to think in nonverbal ways [...]
