Psychopathology = the field concerned with the nature, development and treatment of psychological disorders Challenge: remaining objective, avoiding preconceived notions, reduce stigma Stigma = destructive beliefs and attitudes held [...]
Paradigm = a conceptual framework or approach within which a scientist works – that is, a set of basic assumptions, a general perspective, that defines how to conceptualize and [...]
Diagnosis = the classification of disorders by symptoms or signs o Advantages: facilitates communication among professionals, advances the search for causes & treatments, cornerstone of clinical care Diagnosis can [...]
Science and Scientific Methods Science = the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation Theory = a set of propositions meant to explain a class of observations o Goal to [...]
Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders 2 broad types of mood disorders according to DSM-5: 1) Depressive, 2) Manic (bipolar) Depressive Disorders Cardinal symptoms: profound sadness, and/or inability [...]
Anxiety = apprehension over an anticipated problems Fear = a reaction to immediate danger Both fear and anxiety can involve arousal or sympathetic nervous system activity *both can be [...]
Obsessive-compulsive disorders are defined by repetitive thoughts and behaviours that are so extreme that they interfere with everyday life Trauma-related: PTSD and acute stress disorder Often experience other anxiety [...]
Dissociative experience disruptions of consciousness, lose track of self-awareness, memory and identity Somatic symptom-related complains of bodily symptoms that suggests a physical defect/dysfunction *often no physiological basis [...]
= A disorder characterized by disordered thinking, in which ideas are not logically related; faulty perceptions and attention; a lack of emotional expressiveness; and disturbances in behaviour, such as [...]
Clinical Descriptions, Prevalence, and Effects of Substance Use Disorders DSM-5 Criteria: 1) Problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning 2) 2 or more symptoms within a 1 year [...]
Became a distinct category in DMS-IV, DSM-5: eating disorders found in “Feeding & Eating Disorders” chapter o Pica = eating nonfood substances for extended periods o Rumination = repeated [...]
Sexual dysfunctions = persistent disruptions in the ability to experience sexual arousal, desire or orgasms, or pain associated with intercourse Paraphilic disorders = persistent and troubling attractions to unusual [...]
Number of children diagnosed/treated has increased over the years (ADHD diagnoses increased 41% 2003-2012) Controversial medication treatment Classification and Diagnosis of Childhood Disorders Developmental psychopathology = focuses on the [...]
Aging: Issues and Methods Social problems of aging are especially severe for women (wrinkles, sagging skin) *signs of aging not valued in women Old defined as over 65 – [...]
Defined by enduring problems with forming a stably positive identity and with sustaining close and constructive relationships Extreme and inflexible traits, 10 different disorders, highly heterogeneous o Paranoid – [...]
Bill of rights: first 10 amendments to the constitution Maximize degree of liberty consistent with preserving order in the community at large Criminal commitment = a procedure that confines [...]
