The Concept of Motivation Describes forces acting on or within organism to initiate and direct behaviour Constant flow of behaviour directed toward diff goals; thus, motivation is directed toward [...]
Early Instinct Theories (know all) Some theorists saw animals having rationality + instinctive behaviours and humans having rational mind + instinctively controlled behaviours Nominal fallacy: naming something instinct does [...]
Arousal Theory Assumes behaviour changes as we become more aroused Motivation is on continuum of behavioural action ranging from: low levels of arousal = coma or sleep vs. high [...]
Drive theory: motivation of behaviour depends on a physiological need (i.e. hunger) that organism becomes aware of by specific stimuli (i.e. hunger pang), which directs the organism to search [...]
Pavlovian Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning: neutral stimulus gains ability to elicit response b/c of association w/other stimulus that automatically elicited that response in the past o Conditioned: learning is [...]
Goal object: incentive that motivates us Incentives: important for us to reach or avoid a goal; motivate behaviour o Learned o Differ in value for us at diff moments [...]
Hedonism Seeking of pleasure and avoidance of pain Spencer said: Pleasurable behaviour has survival value: pleasurable behaviours are adaptive and random responses leading to pain became less probable; similar [...]
Attribution Theory Attribution theory: study of how we make decisions concerning the events we experience and factors that cause people’s behaviour People attribute behaviour to dispositions: consistent personality characteristics [...]
Humanistic psychology: studies persistent motive within individuals to become competent in dealing w/environment Successful completion of task causes task to lose some of its value so that new and [...]
Ethology For ethologists, motivation and emotion are seen as two names for the same concept: buildup of action-specific energy Intention Movements Intention movements: innate expressions of an animal’s state, [...]
