• Correlational Study: examines the relationships between multiple DV, without manipulating any of the variables
  • Descriptive research question: asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors
  • Predictive research question: asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior
  • Third variable problem: the presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the DV can decrease the internal validity of the study
  • Positive relationship: relationship between variables where there is an increase in both variables
  • Negative relationship: a relationship between variables where there is an increase in one variable and a decrease in the other I. Chapter Summary:
  • Correlational studies can answer descriptive or predictive research questions o Do not contain IVs that are manipulated by the researcher

o Third­variable problem exists in correlational studies due to a lack of sufficient control of extraneous variables

  • Hypotheses tested in correlational studies are about describing or predicting behavior
  • Causal hypotheses predict a specific cause of a behavior
  • Regression analysis of the relationship between factors in a correlational study can test predictive relationships between variables
  1. Questions:
    1. When two measures are related such that as the value of one measure increases, the value of the other measure increases, this is called a ______________ relationship

Ans: Positive

    1. If you are attempting to determine the value of one measure based on its relationship with another measure, you are testing a ____________ research question

Ans: Predictive