{"id":3815,"date":"2018-07-21T20:57:05","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T00:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3815"},"modified":"2019-05-25T22:09:48","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T02:09:48","slug":"11-the-growing-body-during-middle-childhood-a-physical-body","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/child-psychology\/11-the-growing-body-during-middle-childhood-a-physical-body\/","title":{"rendered":"The growing body during Middle Childhood A. Physical Body"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>The growing body during Middle Childhood A. Physical Body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Slow, steady growth<\/p>\n<p>Height and weight changes<\/p>\n<p>Less rounded<\/p>\n<p>Girls taller than boys on average (only time in lifespan)<\/p>\n<p>11 \u2013 girls 4\u201910\u201d boys 4\u20199\u201d more muscular<\/p>\n<p>variability; genetically determined but also environmental factors that will affect (SES, disease, nutrition)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nutrition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Better nutrition \u2013 more physically active, better cognitive performance, more socially engaged, happier, lower levels of anxiety (all correlational) Need fewer calories than during infancy<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Childhood Obesity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>20% above average for person of given height and weight<\/p>\n<p>1 in 8 kids are obese (3xs rate of the 1960s)<\/p>\n<p>gallstones, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides, coronary artery disease (CAD), a stroke, and sleep apnea, among other conditions<\/p>\n<p>caused by mixture of genetic and social factors<\/p>\n<p>Twin studies \u2013 compare identical\/fraternal twins. Same environment, differing genetic similarity identical \u2013 100% common DNA; correlations of 74% fraternal \u2013 50% common DNA; correlations of 32% Adopted studies<\/p>\n<p>adoptees more similar in weight to biological parents than adoptive parents parental behaviors<\/p>\n<p>time management \u2013 turn to pre\u00adpackaged foods more fat, sugar, salt fresh fruits\/veggies are expensive exercise<\/p>\n<p>school\u00adage children tend to engage in little exercise recess cancelled because of \u201cno child left behind\u201d over protective parents concern about safety strong correlation between TV and obesity passive replaces play<\/p>\n<p>more snacking while watching TV more ads for food Treating obesity<\/p>\n<p>maintain current weight will eventually stabilize relative to height<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Health During Middle Childhood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Generally good<\/p>\n<p>Colds\/respiratory infections \u2013 uncomfortable but boost immune system<\/p>\n<p>Over 90% will experience at least 1 serious medical condition<\/p>\n<p>Most illness is short\u00adterm<\/p>\n<p>Asthma<\/p>\n<p>More than 7% under age 18 suffer<\/p>\n<p>Chronic condition \u2013 attacks of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath<\/p>\n<p>Constriction of airways leading to lungs; terrifying<\/p>\n<p>Triggers<\/p>\n<p>Respiratory infections<\/p>\n<p>Air pollution<\/p>\n<p>Activity<\/p>\n<p>Occurrence has almost doubled in last 10 years<\/p>\n<p>Better diagnoses<\/p>\n<p>Poverty \u2013 more likely to be exposed to triggers<\/p>\n<p>Dust mites, roach feces, rodent feces<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Psychological Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bipolar Disorder<\/p>\n<p>Person cycles back and forth between unrealistically high mood\/energy and depression<\/p>\n<p>Many disorders have been neglected in kids<\/p>\n<p>Some manifest differently in kids than adults<\/p>\n<p>Childhood Depression 5% in preteens<\/p>\n<p>can be treated with medications<\/p>\n<p>developed for adults; confusion over dosing for kids long\u00adterm effects unknown \u2013 brains still developing<\/p>\n<p>ADD\/ADHD medication can increase risk of stimulant abuse as adults<\/p>\n<p>Increased suicide risk<\/p>\n<p>While depressed, person has low motivation\/drive; treatment may give them energy to complete suicide plan<\/p>\n<p>Kids\/teens more impulsive than adults<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms more likely to be anger\/irritability<\/p>\n<p>Anxiety Disorder<\/p>\n<p>Intense, uncontrollable anxiety about things most people don\u2019t find disturbing<\/p>\n<p>Social situations, achievement, free\u00adfloating<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Motor Development and Safety A. Motor Skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gross and fine motor skills improve<\/p>\n<p>Better muscular coordination<\/p>\n<p>Gender differences in gross motor skills<\/p>\n<p>Cultural expectations \u2013 boys more likely to play organized sports<\/p>\n<p>Compare sporty girls to sporty boys and differences are minimized<\/p>\n<p>Differing expectations \u2013 place more emphasis on sports for boys<\/p>\n<p>No reason to separate sexes for sports until puberty<\/p>\n<p>Fine Motor Skills<\/p>\n<p>Increase in myelinization in the brain<\/p>\n<p>Faster coordination of small muscles<\/p>\n<p>Social Benefits<\/p>\n<p>Kids who perform well psychically often more accepted\/liked<\/p>\n<p>Especially pronounced for boys \u2013 more importance<\/p>\n<p>Physical maturity determine athletic performance<\/p>\n<p>Taller, stronger, heavier<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t overemphasize significance of physical ability<\/p>\n<p>Sports should be fun<\/p>\n<p>Maintain physical fitness<\/p>\n<p>Learning new skills associated with sports<\/p>\n<p>Becoming comfortable with bodies<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Threats to Children\u2019s Safety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More independence, mobility, new safety issues<\/p>\n<p>Walking more alone<\/p>\n<p>Not able to judge speed and distance of cars<\/p>\n<p>More time on bikes not wearing helmets<\/p>\n<p>Clear rules about acceptable places to ride<\/p>\n<p>Bike lanes next to busy roads<\/p>\n<p>Accidents<\/p>\n<p>Auto injuries most common<\/p>\n<p>Proper restraint system important<\/p>\n<p>Kids should ride in the back<\/p>\n<p>Always model proper seat belt use<\/p>\n<p>Cyberspace<\/p>\n<p>Many dangers online<\/p>\n<p>Warn kids not to meet face\u00adto\u00adface with anyone they have met online without parent present<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sensory Difficulties: Visual, Auditory, and Speech Problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Can lead to academic and social problems<\/p>\n<p>Visual Impairments<\/p>\n<p>Blindness (less than 20\/200 after correction), partial sightedness (20\/70 after correction)<\/p>\n<p>Also inability to see up\u00adclose<\/p>\n<p>Disabilities in color, depth, light perception<\/p>\n<p>Warning Signs<\/p>\n<p>Frequent eye irritation<\/p>\n<p>Blinking\/facial contortions while reading<\/p>\n<p>Holding reading material too close<\/p>\n<p>Frequent headaches<\/p>\n<p>Auditory impairments<\/p>\n<p>Loss of hearing<\/p>\n<p>1\u00ad2%<\/p>\n<p>certain frequencies loss of oral language abilities<\/p>\n<p>can affect abstract thinking<\/p>\n<p>Speech Impairments<\/p>\n<p>Calls attention to speaker, interferes with communication, produces maladjustments<\/p>\n<p>3\u00ad5%<\/p>\n<p>stuttering \u2013 substantial disruption in rhythm\/fluency of speech; most common Learning disabilities<\/p>\n<p>difficulties listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, math<\/p>\n<p>Dyslexia reading disability<\/p>\n<p>Dysgraphia writing disability<\/p>\n<p>Dyscalculia math disability<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ADD\/ADHD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Another form of special need<\/p>\n<p>Inattention, impulsiveness, failure to complete tasks, lack of organization, excessive uncontrollable activity Drug treatments controversial<\/p>\n<p>3\u00ad5% suffer<\/p>\n<p>ADHD medications are stimulants \u2013 paradoxical effect<\/p>\n<p>May predispose kids to stimulant abuse as adults<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Developmental Diversity: Mainstreaming and Full Inclusion of Children With Special Needs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Public Law 94\u00ad142<\/p>\n<p>Least restrictive environment \u2013 setting most similar to that of kids without special needs<\/p>\n<p>Mainstreaming \u2013 kids with special needs integrated to the fullest extent possible<\/p>\n<p>No special advantages for kids with special needs placed in separate classes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The growing body during Middle Childhood A. Physical Body Slow, steady growth Height and weight changes Less rounded Girls taller than boys on average (only time in lifespan) 11&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/child-psychology\/11-the-growing-body-during-middle-childhood-a-physical-body\/\">Continue Reading<span> The growing body during Middle Childhood A. Physical Body<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3815"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4769,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815\/revisions\/4769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}