{"id":3915,"date":"2018-07-22T18:02:47","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T22:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3915"},"modified":"2019-05-25T21:38:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T01:38:04","slug":"therapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/introduction-to-psychology\/therapy\/","title":{"rendered":"Therapy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><u>\u00a0Psychotherapy <\/u><\/strong>\u00ad treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Types of therapy o Psychodynamic Psychotherapy\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Psychoanalysis<\/strong>\u00ad seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding unconscious thoughts and emotions<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classical Psychoanalysis<\/strong> has 5 main techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Free association<\/strong>\u00ad reporting whatever comes to mind without censoring<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Dream analysis<\/strong>\u00ad ego cannot defend well against urges of unconsciousness during sleep<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Manifest content<\/strong>\u00ad storyline of dream<\/li>\n<li><strong>Latent content<\/strong>\u00ad \u201ctrue\u201d meaning or symbolic meaning of dream<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Analyzing resistance<\/strong>\u00ad patient avoids therapist\u2019s attempts to bring threatening unconscious material into conscious awareness<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Analyzing transference<\/strong>\u00ad patient may displace unconscious feelings about significant person in his\/her life onto therapist<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Interpretation<\/strong>\u00ad explanation of other 4 techniques<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a7 <strong>Psychodynamic Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad modern form of psychoanalysis<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa Less emphasis on unconscious\/past\u00ad focus on problems today\/now<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa More focused on behavior we have control over<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa More directive\u00ad therapist steps in<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa Less time consuming\u00ad patient phases out quicker<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Humanistic Psychotherapy<\/strong>\u00ad people with problems are blocked in some way from reaching their full potential\n<ul>\n<li>Goal\u00ad maximize personal growth by adjusting client\u2019s emotional reactions<\/li>\n<li>Carl Rogers and Clien t\u00adCentered Therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Client\u00ad Centered Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad allows the client to decide what to<\/p>\n<p>talk about, without direction, judgment, or interpretation from therapist<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4 main aspects:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Empathy<\/strong>\u00ad appreciate\/understand how world looks from client\u2019s point of view<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unconditional Positive Regard<\/strong>\u00ad do not agree, but respect\/accept individual as they are<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genuineness\/Authenticity<\/strong>\u00ad aware of\/able to share one\u2019s true inner thoughts\/feelings in a safe environment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o <strong>Active listening<\/strong>\u00ad listening with total attention<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0o Reflection<\/strong>\u00ad paraphrasing client\u2019s statements and noting accompanying feelings<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gestalt Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad active treatment designed to help clients get in touch with genuine feelings and disown foreign ones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0a7 Assumptions:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa People create their own versions of reality<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa People\u2019s natural psychological growth continues only as long as they perceive, remain aware of, and act on their true feelings<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Behavior Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad treatments that use classical conditioning principles to change behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0a7 Techniques:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Systematic desensitization<\/strong>\u00ad treatment for phobias in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety \u00adprovoking stimuli while remaining relaxed<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3 step process<\/li>\n<li>Client taught to maintain a deep state of relaxation o Ranked listing of ~ 10 anxiety \u00adarousing images<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Roach EX) o Relaxed client starts at bottom of ranked list and gradually works way up to top<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flooding<\/strong>\u00ad opposite approach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Modeling<\/strong>\u00ad demonstrating desirable behaviors as a way of teaching them to clients<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Aversion Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad uses classically conditioning to create a negative response to a particular stimuli (Antabuse EX)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cognitive \u00adBehavior Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad relies on learning principles to help change the way clients think, 2 main types:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Rational\u00ad Emotive Behavior therapy<\/strong>\u00ad designed to identify and change self\u00ad defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inner dialog\/voice in head\u00ad if all negative can lead to anxiety<\/li>\n<li>Seeks to replace irrational\/unrealistic beliefs with more reasonable beliefs \u00adMessy House EX<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa <strong>Beck\u2019s Cognitive Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad therapist helps clients to notice and change negative thoughts associated with anxiety and depression<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anxiety and depression are caused by:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Errors in logic\u00ad everyone watching you o False beliefs\u00ad \u201cfailure\u201d is personal o Thoughts that minimize personal achievement<\/li>\n<li>Group, Family, and Couples Therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Group therapy<\/strong>\u00ad treatment of several unrelated clients under the guidance of a therapist at the same time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa Formed around particular problem or population<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa Advantages over Individual therapy<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Therapists can see how clients interact\u00ad social skills, view of others<\/li>\n<li>Clients realize others have the same problems\u00ad they are not abnormal<\/li>\n<li>Group members can boost self\u00ad confidence and self acceptance of all the clients<\/li>\n<li>Clients learn from one another\u00ad share coping mechanisms<\/li>\n<li>Group atmosphere may make people willing to share their feelings and show sensitivity to others\u00ad model behavior<\/li>\n<li>Clients can try out new skills in a supportive environment\u00ad safe environment to try new behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Family therapy<\/strong>\u00ad treatment of two or more individuals from the same family<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa Goal\u00ad create more harmonious family atmosphere, help individual problems, break up power alliances throughout families to create equal partners<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Couples Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad focuses on improving communication between partners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa Rules for Arguing Successfully<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Always begin by saying something positive<\/li>\n<li>Use specific behaviors rather than generalizations\u00ad less likely to get defensive<\/li>\n<li>Make connections between specific behaviors and your feelings about them<\/li>\n<li>Admit your own role in the development of the problem<\/li>\n<li>Be brief\u00ad do not lecture or nag<\/li>\n<li>Stay in the present or the future\u00ad do not bring up the past<\/li>\n<li>Talk about things you can observe\u00ad don\u2019t assume<\/li>\n<li>Paraphrase what the other person says\u00ad use reflection to check out your own perceptions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00a0Biological Treatments<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electroconvulsive Therapy<\/strong>\u00ad brief electrical shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce depression that does not respond to drug treatments o Sounds bad but better than losing client to suicide o Improvement from Electric shock therapy\n<ul>\n<li>Use of anesthetics\u00ad decrease muscle contraction<\/li>\n<li>Shock lasts about \u00bd second<\/li>\n<li>Delivered to one side of brain at a time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychosurgery<\/strong>\u00ad surgical procedures that destroy tissue in small regions of the brain in an effort to treat psychological disorders o Very rare today\n<ul>\n<li>Destroys parts of frontal lobe that disrupts emotional reactions in disturbed people\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Prefrontal<\/strong>\u00ad 2 holes placed in forehead<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transorbital<\/strong>\u00ad stylus in space between eye and socket<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Psychoactive Drugs o <strong>Neuroleptics\/Anti\u00adPsychotics<\/strong>\u00ad relieve symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia and sometimes bipolar disorder by creating a calming effect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0a7 Noncompliance\u00ad do not take medications<\/p>\n<p>\uf0fa Tardive dyskinesia, slow thinking<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Antidepressants<\/strong>\u00ad most prescribed\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tricyclics<\/strong>\u00ad act on multiple neurochemical pathways that effect NT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uf0fa Usually a net gain of NT but can increase reuptake, enable fewer NT to be broken down<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors\/MAOI\u2019s<\/strong>\u00ad blocks enzyme that breaks down serotonin and other NT<\/li>\n<li><strong>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors\/SSRIs<\/strong>\u00ad affect only serotonin levels<\/li>\n<li><strong>Atypical antidepressants<\/strong>\u00ad \u201ccatch all\u201d category o <strong>Anti\u00adanxiety drugs<\/strong>\u00ad decrease activity of sympathetic NS High risk of addiction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0Psychotherapy \u00ad treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods Types of therapy o Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis\u00ad seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/introduction-to-psychology\/therapy\/\">Continue Reading<span> Therapy<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[99],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3915"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3915"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4751,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3915\/revisions\/4751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}