{"id":3956,"date":"2018-07-22T21:22:49","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T01:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3956"},"modified":"2018-11-02T00:53:40","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T04:53:40","slug":"the-nuts-and-bolts-of-survey-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/research-methods-in-psychology\/the-nuts-and-bolts-of-survey-research\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nuts and Bolts of Survey Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><u>Psychometrics: <\/u>area of psychological research that involves the development, validation, and refinement of surveys and tests for measuring psychological constructs<\/li>\n<li><u>Construct validity: <\/u>indicated that a survey measures the behavior it is intended to measure<\/li>\n<li><u>Social desirability bias: <\/u>bias created in survey responses from respondents\u2019 desire to be viewed more favorably by others o Typically over\u00adreports of \u201cpositive\u201d behaviors and under\u00adreporting of \u201cnegative\u201d behaviors<\/li>\n<li><u>Cronbach\u2019s Alpha: <\/u>method od testing scores\u2019 internal consistency that indicates the average correlation between scores on all pairs of items on a survey o Calculates the overall correlation I. Chapter Summary:<\/li>\n<li>Most surveys are used to answer descriptive or predictive research questions in correlational studies. o However, if a survey is used to measure behavior in an experiment, then it can be used to answer causal research questions, as well.<\/li>\n<li>Surveys are constructed with questions or items that address behaviors and attitudes on specific topics o Open\u00adended or closed\u00adended items may be included\n<ul>\n<li>The goal is to construct the survey such that its validity and reliability are maximized<\/li>\n<li>Validity and reliability are typically evaluated for new surveys that researchers conduct<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Testing reliability:\n<ul>\n<li>Correlations between scores on different items of the survey can be measured o Correlations between scores on the same survey taken at different times can be measured<\/li>\n<li>Strong, positive correlations in these cases would indicate reliable scores on the survey<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Surveys can be administered in paper booklets to groups or individuals, as oral questions posed to groups or individuals, or on the web to individuals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Questions:\n<ol>\n<li>Survey items that can be completed with any response chosen by the participant are called __________ questions, whereas survey items that must be completed with one of the response options provided by the researcher are called __________ questions Open ended; close ended<\/li>\n<li>The scores are indicative of the psychological construct the survey was designed to measure<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Construct validity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>The scores are similar each time a participant takes the survey<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Test\u00adretest reliability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Participants are not restricted to the types of responses they can make to survey items<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Open\u00adended scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Scores at later testing are affected by participant\u2019s having taken the survey or test previously<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Testing effects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>A measure of reliability based on the average correlations between pairs of items on a survey<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Cronbach\u2019s alpha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychometrics: area of psychological research that involves the development, validation, and refinement of surveys and tests for measuring psychological constructs Construct validity: indicated that a survey measures the behavior&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/research-methods-in-psychology\/the-nuts-and-bolts-of-survey-research\/\">Continue Reading<span> The Nuts and Bolts of Survey Research<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[100],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}