{"id":3960,"date":"2018-07-22T21:25:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T01:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3960"},"modified":"2019-05-25T21:13:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T01:13:04","slug":"the-nuts-and-bolts-of-experiments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/research-methods-in-psychology\/the-nuts-and-bolts-of-experiments\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nuts and Bolts of Experiments"},"content":{"rendered":"

Matched design <\/u>: between subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of the IV<\/li>\n
Counterbalance <\/u>: used in within\u00adsubject experiments where equal numbers of participants are randomly assigned to different orders of the conditions<\/li>\n
Latin square <\/u>: partial counterbalancing technique where the number of orders of conditions used is equal to the number of conditions in the study<\/li>\n
Factorial design <\/u>: more than one IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
o Can be more efficient in testing the effects of multiple IV in one experiment o Can also examine the effects of multiple interactions of those IV on the DV<\/p>\n
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Levels of the IV <\/u>: conditions that participants experience<\/li>\n
Main effect <\/u>: test of the differences between all means for each level of an IV in an ANOVA<\/li>\n
ANOVA <\/u>: analysis of variance test used for designs with 3 or more sample means<\/li>\n
Interaction effect <\/u>: tests the effect of one IV at each level of another IV in an ANOVA<\/li>\n
Simple effects tests <\/u>: statistical tests conducted to characterize an interaction effect when one is found in an ANONA<\/li>\n
Experiment examples <\/u>: cognitive, biological, social, and developmental o Cognitive <\/u>: investigates the effects of the color of the objects on a person\u2019s ability to detect objects in visual scenes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
o Biological <\/u>: Causal relationships between biology and behavior<\/p>\n
\uf0a7 Interested in the brain activity that occurs when people lie about a crime they have committed<\/p>\n
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Social: <\/u>a randomly assigned role as a prisoner or guard in a mock prison affected participants\u2019 behavior, was described as an example of a study that may have violated ethical guidelines<\/li>\n
Developmental: <\/u>interested in how memory for the location of objects is influenced by the similarity of objects and whether this relationship is the same for different age groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
Chapter Summary:<\/p>\n
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Experiments contain an IV that is manipulated and allows for control of alternative explanations of the results o The best research design for testing causal relationships\n
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The manipulation of a variable (IV) and the additional controls for confounding variables allow for greater internal validity in experiments that other types of research design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
Independent variables can be manipulated:\n
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By type of something, amount of something, or the presence\/absence of something o Between subjects where each participant receives only ONE level of the IV o Within subjects where each participant receives ALL levels of the IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
An interaction between IVs can occur such that the effect of one IV depends on which level of the other IV one is looking at.\n
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For example: an IV can show a difference between levels for Level 1 of another IV but show no difference between levels for Level 2 of the other IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Matched design : between subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of… Continue Reading The Nuts and Bolts of Experiments<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[100],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3960"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4732,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions\/4732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}