{"id":3960,"date":"2018-07-22T21:25:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T01:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3960"},"modified":"2019-05-25T21:13:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T01:13:04","slug":"the-nuts-and-bolts-of-experiments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/research-methods-in-psychology\/the-nuts-and-bolts-of-experiments\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nuts and Bolts of Experiments"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><u>Matched design <\/u>: between subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of the IV<\/li>\n<li><u>Counterbalance <\/u>: used in within\u00adsubject experiments where equal numbers of participants are randomly assigned to different orders of the conditions<\/li>\n<li><u>Latin square <\/u>: partial counterbalancing technique where the number of orders of conditions used is equal to the number of conditions in the study<\/li>\n<li><u>Factorial design <\/u>: more than one IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o Can be more efficient in testing the effects of multiple IV in one experiment o Can also examine the effects of multiple interactions of those IV on the DV<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Levels of the IV <\/u>: conditions that participants experience<\/li>\n<li><u>Main effect <\/u>: test of the differences between all means for each level of an IV in an ANOVA<\/li>\n<li><u>ANOVA <\/u>: analysis of variance test used for designs with 3 or more sample means<\/li>\n<li><u>Interaction effect <\/u>: tests the effect of one IV at each level of another IV in an ANOVA<\/li>\n<li><u>Simple effects tests <\/u>: statistical tests conducted to characterize an interaction effect when one is found in an ANONA<\/li>\n<li><u>Experiment examples <\/u>: cognitive, biological, social, and developmental o<u> Cognitive <\/u>: investigates the effects of the color of the objects on a person\u2019s ability to detect objects in visual scenes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o<u> Biological <\/u>: Causal relationships between biology and behavior<\/p>\n<p>\uf0a7 Interested in the brain activity that occurs when people lie about a crime they have committed<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Social: <\/u>a randomly assigned role as a prisoner or guard in a mock prison affected participants\u2019 behavior, was described as an example of a study that may have violated ethical guidelines<\/li>\n<li><u>Developmental: <\/u>interested in how memory for the location of objects is influenced by the similarity of objects and whether this relationship is the same for different age groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Chapter Summary:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Experiments contain an IV that is manipulated and allows for control of alternative explanations of the results o The best research design for testing causal relationships\n<ul>\n<li>The manipulation of a variable (IV) and the additional controls for confounding variables allow for greater internal validity in experiments that other types of research design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Independent variables can be manipulated:\n<ul>\n<li>By type of something, amount of something, or the presence\/absence of something o Between subjects where each participant receives only ONE level of the IV o Within subjects where each participant receives ALL levels of the IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>An interaction between IVs can occur such that the effect of one IV depends on which level of the other IV one is looking at.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: an IV can show a difference between levels for Level 1 of another IV but show no difference between levels for Level 2 of the other IV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Matched design : between subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/research-methods-in-psychology\/the-nuts-and-bolts-of-experiments\/\">Continue Reading<span> The Nuts and Bolts of Experiments<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[100],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3960"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4732,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions\/4732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}