Priming-<\/strong> Unattended stimuli that is processed implicitly, unconsciously; activating particular associations in memory<\/p>\n

Heuristics-<\/strong> mental shortcuts<\/p>\n

Representativeness heuristic-<\/strong> Tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary to odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member (truck driver poetry example)<\/p>\n

Confirmation bias-<\/strong> tendency to search for information that confirms one\u2019s preconceptions (astrology); Particularly problematic- it preserves stereotypes and prejudice; counterfactual thinking<\/p>\n

Illusory correlations-<\/strong>Perception of a relationship where none exists or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists (due to illusory thinking) our search for order in random events<\/p>\n

Regression toward the mean (average)-<\/strong> statistical tendency for extreme score or extreme behavior to return toward one\u2019s average<\/p>\n

Social Impressions-<\/strong> the study of how we form impression of and make inferences about other people; reflect your goals and needs; done quickly<\/p>\n

What information do we use to form impressions of others?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
1. Appearance\n
   \n
   1. Halo effect: perception of one trait is influenced by the perception of another trait of that person or object (judging a cute person as more intelligent)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
   2. Behavior\n
      \n
      1. Infer personality traits from certain behaviors (e.g. helping an old lady across the street)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
      2. Nonverbal communication\n
         \n
         1. How people communicate, intentionally, or unintentionally, without words (facial expressions); Used to express emotion, convey attitudes, communicate personality traits, and facilitate or modify verbal communications; mirror neurons<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
         2. Environment\n
            \n
            1. Priming<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

               Controlled vs. Automatic processing of information:<\/p>\n

               Controlled<\/p>\n

               Reflective, deliberate, conscious<\/p>\n

               Info given from the person or environment is carefully considered in forming judgments concerning that person<\/p>\n

               Advantages: Make accurate conclusion by logic & not as influenced by certain biases<\/p>\n

               Disadvantages: Slow & can\u2019t handle tons of info<\/p>\n

               Automatic-<\/p>\n

               Impulsive, effortless, and without our awareness<\/p>\n

               Schemas<\/p>\n

               Emotional reactions<\/p>\n

               Expertise<\/p>\n

               Unconscious thinking<\/p>\n

               Advantages: quick and efficient & many cases it more accurate than controlled processing (expertise- fireman and apartment study) & can use<\/p>\n

               info not provided by controlled processing (blind site)<\/p>\n

               Disadvantages: Inaccuracies due to speed (heuristics) & inaccuracies due to expectations (confirmation bias and illusory correlations) & Inaccuracies due to mood (mood effects)<\/p>\n

               Kelley\u2019s (1967) Theory of Attributions:<\/strong> How people decide whether to make an internal (dispositional) or an external (situational) attribution; requires multiple observations of behavior; systematically note the pattern between the presence (or absence) of possible causal factors and<\/p>\n

               whether or not the behavior occurs Focuses on:<\/p>\n

               Consensus (how everyone behaves towards the stimulus)<\/p>\n

               Distinctiveness (how person behaves in general)<\/p>\n

               Consistency (how that person behaves toward the stimulus over time and in different circumstances) Problems:<\/p>\n

               Portray people as systematic and logical<\/p>\n

               Neglect self-serving motives and by biases in reasoning<\/p>\n

               Fundamental Attribution Error-<\/strong> Tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon other\u2019s behavior (often negative); Tendency for observers to overestimate situational influences and underestimate dispositional influences upon their own negative behavior (often negative; boss example)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

               Priming- Unattended stimuli that is processed implicitly, unconsciously; activating particular associations in memory Heuristics- mental shortcuts Representativeness heuristic- Tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary to odds, that someone or… Continue Reading Social Beliefs and Judgments<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[102],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}