Use of personality tests (PT):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
• Research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  o determine the number\/nature of dimensions that makes us unique o Stability of personality across time<\/p>\n

  \n
  • Clinical\/ counselling o Useful in therapy o Marital therapy o Vocational counselling<\/li>\n
  • Personnel management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Recruitment and selection<\/p>\n

    o Placement<\/p>\n

    History of PT: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
    • WW1: first organised assessment of personality o <\/strong>Tested recruits to see if they could cope with being in the military o <\/strong>Focus on one facet of personality, essentially measuring conformity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Projective tests:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
      • Some of the first tests to be used and investigated<\/li>\n
      • Projective tests usually consist of ambiguous stimuli<\/li>\n
      • An individual\u2019s response to the stimuli are recorded and analysed to assess their personality or psychopathology<\/li>\n
      • The underlying theme of projective test is that you can\u2019t rely upon people\u2019s conscious awareness of themselves for the purpose of understanding their true nature (low face validity).<\/li>\n
      • Rorschach projective test o <\/strong>Consists of 10 inkblots on white cards, tends to bilaterally symmetrical o <\/strong>Inkblots are used to incite the client to free-associate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        o <\/strong>There are several scoring systems, Exner\u2019s Comprehensive System is the most common<\/p>\n

        Rorschach test- reliability:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
        • Very difficult to calculate internal consistency reliability<\/li>\n
        • Test-retest reliability has been observed to be high<\/li>\n
        • Inter-rater reliability is fairly high (.80+)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Projective tests (general) \u2013 reliability:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
          • Accuracy of predictions of future behaviour based on Rorschach scores has been found to be low<\/li>\n
          • Some of the research has tried to find correlations with self-report personality questionnaires o The correlations are very low o But is the Rorschach trying to measure conventional personality?<\/li>\n
          • Criterion group validity studies would be especially useful o g. compare responses from clinically depressed and non-depressed individuals<\/li>\n
          • Projective tests have been designed to measure unconscious thoughts\/tendencies<\/li>\n
          • It\u2019s based on psychoanalytic theory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Psychoanalytic theory- sexual repression:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
            • Some people block out sexual thoughts and feelings<\/li>\n
            • They do so unconsciously for a variety of reasons o You can\u2019t ask someone directly if they are sexually repressed and expect an accurate response<\/li>\n
            • Perhaps inkblots?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Rorschach critique:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
              • Rorschach norms are inadequate<\/li>\n
              • May not work well across racial groups<\/li>\n
              • Reliability is low or unknown for many scores<\/li>\n
              • Number of responses influences scores<\/li>\n
              • Poor factorial and predictive validity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Two main personality theories:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
                • Trait theory- people differ on stable attributes o Characteristics lies on a continuum o Very popular in research settings<\/li>\n
                • Type theory- people can be sorted into categories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  From projective to self-report:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                  • Self-report questionnaires are sometimes referred to as \u2018objective personality tests\u2019<\/li>\n
                  • This is only true in the context of a development away from projective tests, which were not considered objective<\/li>\n
                  • Trait theory measures are very typically self-report in nature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Trait theory- measures:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                    • There are three popular models within trait theory:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      o Big five o Five factor o Hexaco<\/p>\n

                      \n
                      • Big five:\n
                        \n
                        • rpenness to experiences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Conscientiousness o Extraversion o Agreeableness o Neuroticism<\/p>\n

                          \n
                          • Based on a factor analysis of adjectives in the dictionary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            \n
                            • Five-factor:\n
                              \n
                              • Neuroticism o Extraversion o rpenness o Agreeableness o Conscientiousness<\/li>\n
                              • Based on a factor analysis of statements thought by Costa and McCrae to measure personality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                NEO PI-R: Psychometrics- validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                                • There is a lot of validity for the NEr PI-R scores<\/li>\n
                                • rverall, the validity coefficients tend to be rather low (.10 to .20)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Rater report:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                  • Some argue that you can\u2019t trust people to report their own personality honestly<\/li>\n
                                  • Instead you should rely on people who know them well to rate that person\u2019s personality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Rater report \u2013 reliability and validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                    • Multiple raters of the same person tend to provide similar ratings for the same person<\/li>\n
                                    • Inter-rater reliability for the five factor model dimensions- .69-.81.<\/li>\n
                                    • Consensual validity: correlation between self-report ratings and rater report ratings- .46-.62.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Task based personality tests:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                      • B. Cattell was one of the pioneers of using task-based tests to measure personality<\/li>\n
                                      • Body-sway test:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        o Subjects sway more when standing if regressed (gullible)<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                        • Not much validity evidence in favour of them<\/li>\n
                                        • However almost all of the validity research is based on correlated the task-based scores with conventional self-report personality scores<\/li>\n
                                        • Researchers don\u2019t like it because it takes long to administer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                          Individual differences in emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal and motivational styles Use of personality tests (PT): Research o determine the number\/nature of dimensions that makes us unique o Stability of… Continue Reading Personality Assessment<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[107],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}