What criteria should a personality trait fulfill?<\/p>\n

\n
• Substantial individual differences\n
  \n
  • All differences in which people can differ from one another<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
  • Stable and consistent over time\n
    \n
    • Rank-order stability\n
      \n
      • Rank-order stability of people within a group<\/li>\n
      • Comparison of multiple measurement points<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Stability of the average\n
        \n
        • \u2018mean-level\u2019 \/ \u2018absolute\u2019 stability<\/li>\n
        • Average levels can change even though there is rank-order stability in a group<\/li>\n
        • Average level of personality may\/can change during all stages of life. – Stable and consistent across various situations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Situationism<\/h1>\n

          Mischel: \u2018Behavioral consistencies have not been shown. The concept of personality traits or characteristics as broad dispositions is thus untenable.\u2019 (1968)<\/p>\n

          \uf0e0<\/p>\n

          Situationism =<\/strong> The theory that suggests that human behavior is determined by surrounding circumstances rather than by personal qualities.<\/p>\n

          Two new approaches:<\/p>\n

          \n
          • Person-situation interactionism\n
            \n
            • Not: Trait \uf0e0 behavior.Rather: Person x situation \uf0e0 behavior.<\/li>\n
            • Causes of interaction:\n
              \n
              • Characteristics of the situation<\/li>\n
              • Situation selection<\/li>\n
              • Evocation (people can create their own environment by evoking responses with their behavior.<\/li>\n
              • Manipulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • Aggregation\n
                \n
                • Tendencies & necessities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Measurement problems and Personality<\/h1>\n

                  Motivdtions problems \/ cdrelessness<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

                  \n
                  • No desire\/drive<\/li>\n
                  • Present, but very fast<\/li>\n
                  • Read questions incorrectly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Solutions:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                    • Infrequency scale: Ask questions that almost everyone would have to answer in some way.<\/li>\n
                    • Calculating reliability\n
                      \n
                      • Example:\n
                        \n
                        • 6 Items about the same Big Five personality trait.<\/li>\n
                        • Calculate coefficient alpha (should be above .60)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                        • Formulate the question in different ways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \u2018Fdking \/ being dishonest <\/u><\/em>Two types:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                          • \u2018False negative\u2019\n
                            \n
                            • The person tested is honest while the person who does the research believes the person tested is dishonest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \u2018False positive\u2019\n
                              \n
                              • The person tested is dishonest while the person who does the research believes the person tested is honest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Bdrnum Stdtements\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>(Named after P.T. Barnum)<\/p>\n

                                \n
                                • \u2018The greatest show on earth\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Barnum effect: Forer (1948)<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                  • Everyone is satisfied because description describes nearly everyone (horoscopes etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Personality as predictor<\/h1>\n

                                    \n
                                    • Tests for recruitment<\/li>\n
                                    • Integrity tests<\/li>\n
                                    • Negligent hiring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Internalizing & externalizing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      What criteria should a personality trait fulfill? Substantial individual differences All differences in which people can differ from one another Stable and consistent over time Rank-order stability Rank-order stability… Continue Reading Theoretical points and measurement problems in Personality Psychology<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4411\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}