{"id":4411,"date":"2018-09-21T19:40:49","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T23:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4411"},"modified":"2018-09-21T19:48:49","modified_gmt":"2018-09-21T23:48:49","slug":"theoretical-points-and-measurement-problems-in-personality-psychology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/personality\/theoretical-points-and-measurement-problems-in-personality-psychology\/","title":{"rendered":"Theoretical points and measurement problems in Personality Psychology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What criteria should a personality trait fulfill?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Substantial individual differences\n<ul>\n<li>All differences in which people can differ from one another<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Stable and consistent over time\n<ul>\n<li>Rank-order stability\n<ul>\n<li>Rank-order stability of people within a group<\/li>\n<li>Comparison of multiple measurement points<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Stability of the average\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018mean-level\u2019 \/ \u2018absolute\u2019 stability<\/li>\n<li>Average levels can change even though there is rank-order stability in a group<\/li>\n<li>Average level of personality may\/can change during all stages of life. &#8211; Stable and consistent across various situations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Situationism<\/h1>\n<p>Mischel: \u2018Behavioral consistencies have not been shown. The concept of personality traits or characteristics as broad dispositions is thus untenable.\u2019 (1968)<\/p>\n<p>\uf0e0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Situationism =<\/strong> The theory that suggests that human behavior is determined by surrounding circumstances rather than by personal qualities.<\/p>\n<p>Two new approaches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Person-situation interactionism\n<ul>\n<li>Not: Trait \uf0e0 behavior.Rather: Person x situation \uf0e0 behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Causes of interaction:\n<ul>\n<li>Characteristics of the situation<\/li>\n<li>Situation selection<\/li>\n<li>Evocation (people can create their own environment by evoking responses with their behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Manipulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Aggregation\n<ul>\n<li>Tendencies &amp; necessities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Measurement problems and Personality<\/h1>\n<p><em><u>Motivdtions problems \/ cdrelessness<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No desire\/drive<\/li>\n<li>Present, but very fast<\/li>\n<li>Read questions incorrectly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Solutions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Infrequency scale: Ask questions that almost everyone would have to answer in some way.<\/li>\n<li>Calculating reliability\n<ul>\n<li>Example:\n<ul>\n<li>6 Items about the same Big Five personality trait.<\/li>\n<li>Calculate coefficient alpha (should be above .60)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Formulate the question in different ways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><u>\u2018Fdking \/ being dishonest <\/u><\/em>Two types:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018False negative\u2019\n<ul>\n<li>The person tested is honest while the person who does the research believes the person tested is dishonest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u2018False positive\u2019\n<ul>\n<li>The person tested is dishonest while the person who does the research believes the person tested is honest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><u>Bdrnum Stdtements\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>(Named after P.T. Barnum)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018The greatest show on earth\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Barnum effect: Forer (1948)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Everyone is satisfied because description describes nearly everyone (horoscopes etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Personality as predictor<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Tests for recruitment<\/li>\n<li>Integrity tests<\/li>\n<li>Negligent hiring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Internalizing &amp; externalizing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What criteria should a personality trait fulfill? Substantial individual differences All differences in which people can differ from one another Stable and consistent over time Rank-order stability Rank-order stability&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/personality\/theoretical-points-and-measurement-problems-in-personality-psychology\/\">Continue Reading<span> Theoretical points and measurement problems in Personality Psychology<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4411\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}