The human genome<\/h2>\n

\n
• 000 \u2013 30.000 genes<\/li>\n
• Stored as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs<\/li>\n
• 2% of genes cause protein coding (98% do \u2026?)<\/li>\n
• 99% of genes similar between humans, 1% make us unique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  tehavioral genetics<\/h2>\n

  \n
  • Interested in the influence of genes on psychological function.<\/li>\n
  • Genotype: Genetic structure<\/li>\n
  • Phenotype: Observable psychological function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Relatedness<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
    • The probability of sharing a gene with someone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Heritability (h^2) (Often misunderstood)<\/h2>\n

      \n
      • Statistical definition: h^2 is the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance.<\/li>\n
      • Common sense definition: h^2 is the extent to which individual differences in observed behavior can be explained by genetic individual differences.<\/li>\n
      • Heritability = The proportion of phenotypic variance in a group of individuals that can be explained or accounted for by genetic variance.<\/li>\n
      • H = 20 \uf0e0 20% = GV, 80% = Environmental<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Selective breeding<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
        • The process of selectively breeding plants and animals for specific traits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Adoption studies<\/h2>\n

          \n
          • A way to disentangle genetic and environmental sources of family resemblance.<\/li>\n
          • Issues:\n
            \n
            • Representativeness<\/strong>: Are adopted children and their families representative of the general population?<\/li>\n
            • Selective placement<\/strong>: If adopted children are placed with adoptive parents who are similar to their birth parents, then this could blur the conclusions for adoption studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Twin studies<\/h2>\n

              \n
              • Monozygotic (Share 100% of genetic material) –\u00a0\u00a0 Dizygotic (On average share 50% of genetic material) –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Issues:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
                • EBual environmental assumptions: <\/strong>The environments experienced by MZ twins are no more similar than the environments experienced by DZ twins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  (Overestimation of heritability if assumption is violated)<\/p>\n

                  \n
                  • Assortative mating<\/strong>: Mating pattern where individuals with similar genotypes and\/or phenotypes mate more with one another more frequently than what would be expected under a random mating pattern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Shared versus non-shared environments<\/h2>\n

                    \n
                    • Shared: both siblings have a television in their house.<\/li>\n
                    • Non-shared: Siblings are treated differently by parents and have different friends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      behavioral genetic research has findings in:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                      • Political Interests<\/li>\n
                      • Smoking behavior<\/li>\n
                      • Artistic, technical and cultural interests<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Genotype-environment interaction<\/h2>\n

                        \n
                        • Differential response of individuals with different genotypes in response to the same environment.<\/li>\n
                        • Example: effect of noise on extraversion. – Passive\/reactive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          The human genome 000 \u2013 30.000 genes Stored as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs 2% of genes cause protein coding (98% do \u2026?) 99% of genes similar between… Continue Reading Behavioral Genetics<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4422"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4422\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}