{"id":4422,"date":"2018-09-21T19:45:24","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T23:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4422"},"modified":"2018-09-21T19:48:45","modified_gmt":"2018-09-21T23:48:45","slug":"behavioral-genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/personality\/behavioral-genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Behavioral Genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The human genome<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>000 \u2013 30.000 genes<\/li>\n<li>Stored as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs<\/li>\n<li>2% of genes cause protein coding (98% do \u2026?)<\/li>\n<li>99% of genes similar between humans, 1% make us unique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>tehavioral genetics<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Interested in the influence of genes on psychological function.<\/li>\n<li>Genotype: Genetic structure<\/li>\n<li>Phenotype: Observable psychological function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Relatedness<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The probability of sharing a gene with someone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Heritability (h^2) (Often misunderstood)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Statistical definition: h^2 is the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance.<\/li>\n<li>Common sense definition: h^2 is the extent to which individual differences in observed behavior can be explained by genetic individual differences.<\/li>\n<li>Heritability = The proportion of phenotypic variance in a group of individuals that can be explained or accounted for by genetic variance.<\/li>\n<li>H = 20 \uf0e0 20% = GV, 80% = Environmental<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Selective breeding<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The process of selectively breeding plants and animals for specific traits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Adoption studies<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A way to disentangle genetic and environmental sources of family resemblance.<\/li>\n<li>Issues:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Representativeness<\/strong>: Are adopted children and their families representative of the general population?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Selective placement<\/strong>: If adopted children are placed with adoptive parents who are similar to their birth parents, then this could blur the conclusions for adoption studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Twin studies<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Monozygotic (Share 100% of genetic material) &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 Dizygotic (On average share 50% of genetic material) &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Issues:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EBual environmental assumptions: <\/strong>The environments experienced by MZ twins are no more similar than the environments experienced by DZ twins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Overestimation of heritability if assumption is violated)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Assortative mating<\/strong>: Mating pattern where individuals with similar genotypes and\/or phenotypes mate more with one another more frequently than what would be expected under a random mating pattern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Shared versus non-shared environments<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Shared: both siblings have a television in their house.<\/li>\n<li>Non-shared: Siblings are treated differently by parents and have different friends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>behavioral genetic research has findings in:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Political Interests<\/li>\n<li>Smoking behavior<\/li>\n<li>Artistic, technical and cultural interests<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Genotype-environment interaction<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Differential response of individuals with different genotypes in response to the same environment.<\/li>\n<li>Example: effect of noise on extraversion. &#8211; Passive\/reactive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The human genome 000 \u2013 30.000 genes Stored as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs 2% of genes cause protein coding (98% do \u2026?) 99% of genes similar between&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/personality\/behavioral-genetics\/\">Continue Reading<span> Behavioral Genetics<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4422"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4422\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}