Dimensional approach<\/h2>\n

\n
• Broad dimensions of experience\n
  \n
  • Unpleasant vs. pleasant<\/li>\n
  • Sleepy vs. aroused<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
  • Positive and negative affectivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Discrete approach<\/h2>\n

    –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Primary and distinct emotions<\/p>\n

    \uf0b7 E.g., anger, joy, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise.<\/p>\n

    Emotions are based on different criteria<\/h2>\n

    \n
    • Distinct facial expression that is cross-culturally recognized (Ekman)<\/li>\n
    • It has unique motivational properties (Frijda; Izard)<\/li>\n
    • Lights up in the brain (Gray; Tomkins)<\/li>\n
    • It is unlearned or involves very little cognition (Mower; Oatley & Johnson-Laird)<\/li>\n
    • Many more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      States vs. Traits (Analogy: Weather vs. Climate)<\/h3>\n

      Stdtes<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n
      • Momentary<\/li>\n
      • Situational<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Trdits<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
        • Enduring<\/li>\n
        • Tendencies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Measuring emotions<\/h3>\n

          \n
          • Dimensional\n
            \n
            • PANAS (Positive and negative affect schedule)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • Discrete\n
              \n
              • Specific emotion ratings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Measuring emotions via behavior –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nonverbal<\/h2>\n

                \uf0b7 Facial expressions and body posture.<\/p>\n

                \n
                • Verbal\n
                  \n
                  • Content<\/li>\n
                  • Intonation (Prosody)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • Physiology\n
                    \n
                    • Heart rate<\/li>\n
                    • Cortisol levels<\/li>\n
                    • Skin temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Personality measures for well-being<\/h2>\n

                      \n
                      • High E \uf0e0 Positive emotions<\/li>\n
                      • High N \uf0e0 Negative emotions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Experiential purchasing and happiness<\/h2>\n

                        \n
                        • Experiential purchasing made with intention of acquiring a life experience.<\/li>\n
                        • Relatively buffered against adaptations.\n
                          \n
                          • Gives you something to look forward to<\/li>\n
                          • Social interactions likely<\/li>\n
                          • Memories and relationships \uf0e0 identity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Content vs. Style of emotional life<\/h3>\n

                            \n
                            • Content = The kind of emotions someone experiences.<\/li>\n
                            • Style = How emotions are experienced.\n
                              \n
                              • Intensity<\/li>\n
                              • Variability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Summary:<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                                • Knowing about how and why people differ in their emotional reactivity is important for understanding personality<\/li>\n
                                • Two major ways to study emotions are the dimensional and discrete approaches<\/li>\n
                                • Emotional states are fleeting, traits are enduring (remember weather vs. climate)<\/li>\n
                                • Emotions are mostly assessed via self-report, but actual behavior can also be measured Emotional traits offer a more specific way of looking at personality<\/li>\n
                                • When we talk about style of emotional life we are referring to how variable and intense people\u2019s emotional experiences are<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Personality and emotions Terminology     \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Affect \uf0e0 Valence \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Emotion \uf0e0 Anger, sadness, joy\u2026 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stress response \uf0e0 Basic fear \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Emotional episode… Continue Reading Personality and emotions<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4425"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4425\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}