{"id":4553,"date":"2018-10-27T14:46:28","date_gmt":"2018-10-27T18:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4553"},"modified":"2019-05-25T23:16:07","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T03:16:07","slug":"nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/nature\/","title":{"rendered":"Nature"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today\u2019s Goals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mini-review: Accomplishment<\/li>\n<li>Catching up: Creativity<\/li>\n<li>Become familiar with the effects of nature exposure (cognitive, emotional, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Understand the construct of \u2018nature relatedness\u2019<\/li>\n<li>Become familiar with the correlates of nature relatedness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mini-Review<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the three main subtypes of ability that are typically tested?<\/li>\n<li>How strongly do ability types and interests correlate?<\/li>\n<li>What does the \u2018people\u2014things \u2018 dimension describe?<\/li>\n<li>What are the three criteria used to determine that something is creative? Usefulness, nonobvious, novel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature Relatedness and the Happy Path to Sustainability<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Canada Today<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wealthy<\/li>\n<li>Technologically Advanced<\/li>\n<li>Happy<\/li>\n<li>Ecological Challenges<\/li>\n<li>Insecure<\/li>\n<li>Stressed &amp; Depressed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rates of anxiety and depression seem to be increasing<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In a Nutshell<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exposure to nature and subjective connections with nature are associated with o Cooperative, sustainable attitudes\/behaviour o Subjective well-being (happiness)<\/li>\n<li>Nature may provide a happy path to sustainabiilty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Theory<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O. Wilson\u2019s Biophilia Hypothesis<\/li>\n<li>Our Evolutionary History<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biological Preparedness<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spider vs. plug<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biophilia<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Innate Need to Affiliate with Other Living or \u2018Lifelike\u2019 Things<\/li>\n<li>Suggestive Evidence o Gardening, zoos, pets, camping, etc.\n<ul>\n<li>Empirical benefits of nature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Environmental Satisfaction Studies<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Natural vs. built Ottawa photos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature is Good for You<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attention Restoration<\/li>\n<li>Stress\/Pain\/Illness<\/li>\n<li>Creativity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mortality<\/p>\n<p>Mood Boosts<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Disconnection from Nature<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider modern living environments<\/li>\n<li>Disconnection may be creating unhappy and unhealthy people\u2026<\/li>\n<li>\u2026and contributing to environmental problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Campus Walking Studies<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Method\n<ol>\n<li>Random assignment to walk inside or outside<\/li>\n<li>Self-reports of mood<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Why are people walking inside?<\/li>\n<li>Random assignment to predict or experience\n<ul>\n<li>People prefer the outdoor walk<\/li>\n<li>People under-predict the benefits of outdoor walks<\/li>\n<li>Mood benefits of nearby nature are underestimated<\/li>\n<li>This may result from general disconnection<\/li>\n<li>Forecasting error also occurs \u2018within-person\u2019<\/li>\n<li>Mindfulness instruction enhances benefits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Beyond Individual Benefits of Nature<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Less Aggression &amp; Crime (property &amp; violent)<\/li>\n<li>More Social Activity<\/li>\n<li>More Pro-social (intrinsic) Aspirations<\/li>\n<li>More helping behaviour<\/li>\n<li>Cooperation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature and Cooperation<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cooperation essential to human survival<\/li>\n<li>Cooperation essential to broad sustainability<\/li>\n<li>Commons dilemmas as an explicit link<\/li>\n<li>Experimental lab analogs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>FISH 3.1 Microworld<\/p>\n<p>Fishing Behaviour<\/p>\n<p>Fishing Behaviour II<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lab FISH Studies<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nature seems to promote sustainable fishing<\/li>\n<li>Nature videos produce pleasant moods\u2026<\/li>\n<li>\u2026 but no evidence of mood as mediator<\/li>\n<li>Is this sustainability? (demand?, explicitly?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Location vs. Valence<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>New Outcomes<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social Value Orientation Slider<\/li>\n<li>Allocate points to self and others<\/li>\n<li>Willingness to Engage in Sustainable Behaviours o Rate willingness across transportation, energy use, social advocacy, tax support, and regulation support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature Effects<\/p>\n<p>May extend to explicit sustainability<\/p>\n<p>Also to generic pro-social allocations<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Not simply due to pleasant moods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Subjective Connectedness and Individual Differences<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nature Relatedness o A person\u2019s affective, cognitive, &amp; physical relationship with nature; or nurtured biophilia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Validity\/Associations<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Time spent outdoors &amp; \u2018in nature\u2019 (ESM)<\/li>\n<li>Being vegetarian, having pets<\/li>\n<li>Participating in environmental organizations<\/li>\n<li>Purchasing organic<\/li>\n<li>Response to \u2018campus walk\u2019 studies<\/li>\n<li>Petition signing (Ottawa recycling)<\/li>\n<li>Environmental attitude measures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature Relatedness and Happiness<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Meta analytic averages o Various nature relatednesss measures o k = 30, n = 8,496<\/li>\n<li>Positive Affect: r = .21<\/li>\n<li>Vitality: r = .24<\/li>\n<li>Life Satisfaction: r = .17<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nature relatedness correlated with positive affect, life satisfaction, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nature Relatedness and Well-Being<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal Growth o I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.<\/li>\n<li>Autonomy\n<ul>\n<li>Being happy with myself is more important to me than having others approve of me.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Purpose\n<ul>\n<li>I have a sense of direction and purpose in life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Distinct Importance of Nature Relatedness<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Compared to Psycho-Social Connections o attachment style, interdependence, loneliness, general belongingness, collective identity Social connections very important &#8211; good indicators of happiness<\/li>\n<li>Compared to other Environmental Attitudes o Ecology scale (commitment, affect); New Ecological Paradigm; New Environmental Consciousness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Individual differences<\/p>\n<p>Do people feel committed to the environment<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Increasing Nature Relatedness \u2022 NR predicts lots of good stuff<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Can we increase it?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Definitely!<\/p>\n<p>(in the short term)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Campus walk studies<\/li>\n<li>Inclusion of Nature in Self<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Long Term Change?<\/p>\n<p>Can we increase \u2018trait\u2019 nature relatedness?<\/p>\n<p>30 x 30 Challenge<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Education Study o Sustainable behaviour?\n<ul>\n<li>Happiness?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Change in Vitality &amp; Sustainable Attitudes<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Found not significant results in all groups<\/p>\n<p>Rate of happiness decreased from Sept to November &#8211; season as effect?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Summary<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exposure to nature and subjective connections with nature are associated with:\n<ul>\n<li>cooperative, sustainable attitudes\/behavior o subjective well-being (happiness)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nature may provide a (happy) path to sustainability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Continued to be studied &#8211; helpful hints along to way in how to proceed<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Future Directions and Applications<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intervention Studies Urban Design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Include some kind of green space &#8211; park, forest, etc.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal Choices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Personal choice to walk outside vs. inside tunnels<\/p>\n<p>Underestimation in how much walking outside changes thing \u2022 Messaging<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today\u2019s Goals Mini-review: Accomplishment Catching up: Creativity Become familiar with the effects of nature exposure (cognitive, emotional, etc.) Understand the construct of \u2018nature relatedness\u2019 Become familiar with the correlates&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/nature\/\">Continue Reading<span> Nature<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[116],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4553"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4832,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4553\/revisions\/4832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}