{"id":4565,"date":"2018-10-27T15:04:28","date_gmt":"2018-10-27T19:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4565"},"modified":"2018-10-27T15:24:39","modified_gmt":"2018-10-27T19:24:39","slug":"positive-relationships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/positive-relationships\/","title":{"rendered":"Positive Relationships"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today&#8217;s Goals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mini Review: Pro-social &amp; Love<\/li>\n<li>Catch up: Love<\/li>\n<li>Consider the &#8216;bank account&#8217; analogy of relationships<\/li>\n<li>Explore positive relationship behaviours o Gratitude, Capitalization, Forgiveness, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Note: some findings from today qualified\/contrasted by next reading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mini-Review<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beyond the cognitive approach, what other kinds of findings support the idea of &#8216;intuitive prosociality&#8217;?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Children exhibit prosocial behaviour &#8211; developmental findings in children Neuroscience: automatic vs. controlled behaviours<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the &#8216;big 4&#8217; (quadrumvirate model) kinds of love? Compassionate, companionate, attachment, passionate<\/li>\n<li>What are similar, &#8216;big 4&#8217; names for Eros, Storge, &amp; Agape?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Eros: passionate<\/p>\n<p>Storge: companionate<\/p>\n<p>Agape: compassionate<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Romantic Relationships<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The bad\u2026 o Divorce o Cheating o Abuse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reading makes argument of the internet as a contributing factor to the bad aspects of romantic relationships<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The good\u2026\n<ul>\n<li>Capitalization o Gratitude<\/li>\n<li>Positive response to conflict o Quality shared time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More interest in what goes right in romantic relationships Ways individuals spend time together<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Relationships<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bank account analogy o Positive deposits o Negative withdrawals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important to have positive deposits to counter the effects of negative withdrawals that can happen<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018Bad is stronger than good\u2019<\/li>\n<li>Good is more typical o about 5:1 for healthy relationship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For every positive deposit, there is no 1:1 ratio (those relationships tend to lead toward divorce) Something negative\/hurtful can cause more damage than positive deposits in a relationship<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Capitalization<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sharing positive news or event<\/li>\n<li>Can build intimacy<\/li>\n<li>Yet potential for vulnerability<\/li>\n<li>Responses of partner key<\/li>\n<li>Responses to positive events may predict future relationship better<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When people have positive responses &#8211; seem to be more important than the negative ones<\/p>\n<p>Capitalization: when people share news (positive or negative events)<\/p>\n<p>When positive events are shared &#8211; creates ability to built intimacy along with potential for vulnerability Responses of the partner is significant to the outcome of that sharing event<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>4 responses that can appear: active\/constructive responses are the ones that lead to positive outcomes<\/p>\n<p>Creates more satisfaction within a relationship and help keep individuals together Positive event appear to be more important to share<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gratitude<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>And communal strength o Non-contingent support; responsibility for other\u2019s needs o Compare casual friend to close family member<\/li>\n<li>Correlation (r = .52) o Gratitude \u201cI express my gratitude for the things that my partner\/friend does for me\n<ul>\n<li>Communal strength \u201cHow happy do you feel when doing something that helps your partner\/best friend?\u201d Six-week longitudinal correlation too<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Interpersonal relationships: 1:1 mental ratio of who owes who what<\/p>\n<p>Communal relationship: primary concern is the individuals well-being &#8211; feel responsible for other persons needs<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Seen as a hallmark of intimacy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Those with high gratitude tend to show higher levels of communal strength<\/p>\n<p>Gratitude level can predict communal strength at a later period in time &#8211; gratitude tends to come first (communal strength follows)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Friendship gratitude intervention, 4 conditions o Express more gratitude (&amp; report) o Pay attention to daily activities (&amp; report) o Recall &amp; share positive activities with friend o Think about (only) friend gratitude (&amp; report)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Positive Response to Conflict<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conflict is inevitable\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Forgiveness o Lack is a serious problem o Correlational link o Dyadic, longitudinal study Forgiveness seems to be important<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Problems arise when forgiveness does not occur\/exist<\/p>\n<p>Hard to move on post negative experience &#8211; difficult to make positive deposits due to a &#8216;block&#8217; (inability to accept)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Humor\n<ul>\n<li>Sometimes useful, but depends (type and person) o Conflict studies and affiliative humor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Satisfaction, closeness, solutions, distress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Not so good to move on from negative events in a romantic relationship (specifically aggressive humour)<\/p>\n<p>Individual differences: those who are anxiously attached, more avoidant<\/p>\n<p>Affiliate of humour: using it in a way to lift both individuals &#8211; generally helpful<\/p>\n<p>Spending Time Together<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Self-expansion theory Pre-dates Positive Psychology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Feel like we have this expanding sense of self &#8211; psychological self concept grows<\/p>\n<p>When you connect with someone in this new way &#8211; learn interesting things about them<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Importance of novel and arousing or \u2018exciting\u2019 activities o (vs. boredom \u2013cf., Dr. Harasymchuk at CU) Boredom: lack of self expansion<\/li>\n<li>Correlational support with satisfaction<\/li>\n<li>Experimental studies o Novel &amp; arousing activity o Mundane activity o No activity control<\/li>\n<li>Novel &amp; arousing increase relationship quality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Positive Relationship Behaviours<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Useful for satisfaction &amp; feeling good<\/li>\n<li>Builds strength over time<\/li>\n<li>Positive deposits buffer later \u2018withdrawals\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One thing they&#8217;re good food &#8211; make us feel good<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s Goals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mini-review: Love &amp; relationships<\/li>\n<li>Catch up: Positive activities &amp; self-expansion. Consider positive psychology in the context of clinical psychology<\/li>\n<li>Consider some critique to the value of positive psychology<\/li>\n<li>Discuss future of positive psychology, applications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mini-review: Love &amp; relationships<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe one gender difference in conceptualizations of love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Men: romantic view<\/p>\n<p>Women: companionate view<\/p>\n<p>Differences are not very dramatic<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Which conceptualization of love tends to be higher among collectivist (cf. individualist) cultures? Measure of Eros &#8211; similar to passionate ideal of love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Higher in individualist countries<\/p>\n<p>Collectivist: higher scores on Storge (more companionate, friendships, trust)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is \u2018capitalization\u2019 in relationships? Sharing of positive news and events<\/li>\n<li>What is \u2018communal strength\u2019 in relationships?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notion we are doing things for one another out of caring or concern<\/p>\n<p>Motivation being the well-being of the other person &#8211; strong sense of intimacy and connection<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How can communal strength be increased? Expressions of gratitude<\/li>\n<li>What are two positive responses to conflict in relationships?\n<ol>\n<li>Humour : if done correctly<\/li>\n<li>Forgiveness<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Clinical Psychology<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clinical psych currently\/historically follows illness ideology o History of psychodynamic &amp; hospital influence o concerned with problems (pathology) o problems are in kind (categorical)\n<ul>\n<li>internal, similar to biology (rather than context) o role is to diagnose &amp; treat person<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Clinical psych uses medical language:\n<ul>\n<li>symptom, disorder, pathology, illness, diagnosis, co-morbidity, treatment, doctor, patient, clinic\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Concept of Disorder \u2022 Do these \u2018exist\u2019?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(Nature deficit disorder)<\/li>\n<li>ADHD<\/li>\n<li>Nicotine dependence<\/li>\n<li>Body dysmorphic disorder<\/li>\n<li>Hypoactive sexual desire disorder<\/li>\n<li>Orgasmic disorder<\/li>\n<li>From 1952 to 1994, the DSM increased from 86 to almost 900 pages, and the number of mental disorders increased from 106 to 297.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Social Construction Approach<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These things do not \u2018exist\u2019; science does not make them so<\/li>\n<li>Consider race, gender, class, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Discussing the values underlying disorders is useful<\/li>\n<li>Consider culture, power, self-interest o g., homosexuality, paraphilias, previous slide \u2022 Can still use science to study phenomena<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Positive Clinical Psychology Approach<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018Problems in living&#8217; (interaction of person, situation and culture) o a purely internal disease.<\/li>\n<li>Students and teachers vs. patients and doctors<\/li>\n<li>Prevention &amp; enhancement; not just treatment<\/li>\n<li>Assess strengths and assets o Positive approach does not (yet?) say how to do this, but rather says it should be done o Will probably use similar techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Beyond Positive Psychology<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maybe PP is not such a good idea after all\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Many \u2018positive\u2019 constructs are not always beneficial; context matters<\/li>\n<li>Consider an abused spouse o Forgiveness? o Optimism? o Kindness?\n<ul>\n<li>Positively biased recall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The main effect may not persist over time<\/li>\n<li>Ultimate \u2018positivity\u2019 depends on context<\/li>\n<li>Therefore o Must study context\/interactions (therapy context) o Positivity may not tell us about difficulty o Must consider long-term consequences\n<ul>\n<li>Most things are not \u2018positive\u2019, just have \u2018psychology\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today&#8217;s Goals Mini Review: Pro-social &amp; Love Catch up: Love Consider the &#8216;bank account&#8217; analogy of relationships Explore positive relationship behaviours o Gratitude, Capitalization, Forgiveness, etc. Note: some findings&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/positive-relationships\/\">Continue Reading<span> Positive Relationships<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[116],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4565"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4565\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}