{"id":4676,"date":"2019-01-09T19:19:23","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T00:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4676"},"modified":"2019-01-09T19:56:09","modified_gmt":"2019-01-10T00:56:09","slug":"drugs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/mental-health-nursing\/drugs\/","title":{"rendered":"Drugs\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u2212 Any substance (with the exception of food and water) which alters the body\u2019s function either physically and\/or psychologically<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 May be legal or illegal<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Psychopharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Affect mood, arousal, perception, cognition, and\/or behaviour<\/li>\n<li>Natural or \u201claboratory\u201d sources<\/li>\n<li>Harmful through intoxication and\/or dependence<\/li>\n<li>Depressants, stimulants or hallucinogens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Drug Prevalence\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Its estimated that about 200 million people use illicit drugs each year<\/li>\n<li>In Australia the social costs of drug &amp; alcohol abuse to the community from factors such as ill health, premature death, reduced productivity, crime and accidents cost:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Tobacco- $31.5 billion<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Alcohol- $15.3 billion<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Illicit drugs- $8.2 billion<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><u>CORE DIAGNOSES\u00a0 <\/u><\/h1>\n<h2>INTOXICATION<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Intake of substance produces behavioural and\/or physical changes<\/li>\n<li>Can mask serious illness or injury<\/li>\n<li>Can cause life threatening complications<\/li>\n<li>RrVrRSIBLr<\/li>\n<li>Symptoms are not due to general medical condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>HARMFUL USr<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Pattern of substance use is causing harm<\/li>\n<li>Chronic, excessive use of substance(s)<\/li>\n<li>g. ^ alcohol use<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>ADDICTION\/DrPrNDrNCr<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Addiction: synonymous with the term dependence<\/li>\n<li>Is unlike simple habits or consuming interests<\/li>\n<li>Dependency has consequences that seriously impair, negatively affect, destroy r\/ships, the capacity to function<\/li>\n<li>Dependence involves regular drug use, ^ tolerance and experience of withdrawal when reduced<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact &amp; Burden of Disease <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2011 mental disorders were responsibly for 754 deaths<\/li>\n<li>Mental disorders account for \u00bc of years lived with disability \u00a0 Drug use disorders are ranked in the top 10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Drug Use\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drug use can cause psychiatric symptoms and mimic psychiatric syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Drug use can mask psychiatric symptoms and syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Drug and alcohol abuse can exacerbate side effects from medication \u00a0 Psychiatric behaviours can mimic drug use problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dual Diagnosis<\/h2>\n<p>\u2212 Refers to a set of problems arising from the existence of a drug abuse problem AND a mental illness<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 These conditions occur concurrently, independent of each other<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Often its difficult to determine which problem existed first- substance misuse or the mental illness?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestations of Dual Diagnosis <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Primary mental illness with subsequent substance abuse<\/li>\n<li>Primary substance abuse with psychopathologic outcomes<\/li>\n<li>Dual primary diagnosis<\/li>\n<li>Genetics- Dopaminergic function, Cholinergic activity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Characteristics of Dual Diagnosis <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>May be alienated \u00e0 lack of supports (friends, family)<\/li>\n<li>Poor compliance with health care providers<\/li>\n<li>rmotional<\/li>\n<li>Often has severe psychiatric symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Often homeless or itinerant<\/li>\n<li>Propensity to relapse<\/li>\n<li>Hospitalisations due to accidents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dually Diagnosed Individuals Reasons to Misuse Substances\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Self medic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2212 Any substance (with the exception of food and water) which alters the body\u2019s function either physically and\/or psychologically \u2212 May be legal or illegal &nbsp; &nbsp; Psychopharmacology of&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/mental-health-nursing\/drugs\/\">Continue Reading<span> Drugs\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[121],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4676"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4676\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}